Previously, thousands of mass transit commuters were funneled into the congested lobby/walkway area of the Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority’s (MBTA’s) North Station terminal inside the TD Banknorth Garden, the home of the NHL’s Boston Bruins and NBA’s Boston Celtics. The multi-million-dollar expansion, developed and funded by Delaware North Companies Inc. (the owner the TD Banknorth Garden), now greets commuters with an energy-efficient indoor environment thanks to air curtains, proper building pressurization, and an innovative HVAC supply soffit system.
Previously, the MBTA’s narrow, 30-foot-wide lobby/walkway area’s traffic spilled over into the automatic entry door sensor zones, causing exterior sliding double doors to remain open continuously during rush hours. This resulted in significant energy losses into the open-ended train shed. While the renovation’s main objective was better traffic flow and a roomier waiting area, controlling energy losses through more efficient doorways was also a major concern.
“We knew going into this project that one of the greatest challenges was saving energy for the client because many doors would be constantly open from continuous foot traffic,” said Jeffrey Fleishman, HVAC project engineer, Cosentini Associates, Cambridge, Mass.
The team’s solution was a build-out of the lobby 100 feet into the 200-foot-long by 260-foot-wide train shed. In the redesign, the existing 12 sliding commuter doors were moved out 100 feet and incorporated into a new curtain wall. Designed by architect firm Sasaki Associates Inc., Boston, and built by the project’s general contractor, Tishman Construction Corp., Boston, the perimeter soffit aesthetically caps the curtain wall and conceals electric, HVAC piping, ductwork, fire safety, and other utilities.
The soffits also became receptacles for housing 12 high-efficiency In-Ceiling Mount air curtains by Berner International, New Castle, Pa. The 72-inch-wide In-Ceiling Mounts complemented Sasaki Associates’ aesthetics for the new entrance area; they’re completely recessed into the bottom of the soffit and appear only as decorative white aluminum grills. Each 3,624-cfm air door distributes a maximum 3,500-fpm stream of air angled directly down toward the floor, thus cold (or hot in the summer) train shed air and fumes can’t infiltrate the receiving area.
“Obviously, energy savings and performance were important factors in choosing air curtains, but equally important was the aesthetics,” said Fleishman, who had previously specified air curtains only for industrial applications. “The sliding doors can stay open for hours and very little train shed air infiltrates the space due to the combination of air curtains and space pressurization.”
HEATED CURTAINS
Cosentini utilized Berner’s factory-installed coil/filter combination options offered on many of its models, thus the In-Ceiling Mount units all have hot water coils that tap into the soffit’s heating supply loop. The 95,600-Btuh coils supplement the new entrance area’s main HVAC system by providing thermostatically controlled heating near the door areas, when needed.The air curtains also include the Comfort Plus Control package, which includes a thermostat, three-speed fan with maintenance access from an onboard control panel, a timer delay function, and a low-voltage relay for tapping into any DDC system, such as TD Banknorth Garden’s BAS system by Siemens Building Technologies.
The control package offers TD Banknorth Garden two units for the price of one; an air curtain performance/wind stopping unit when the door is open, plus a cabinet heater or low velocity and low noise with high heat output when the door is closed.
Summer operation uses the air curtain’s recirculation mode. Whereas most air curtain air inlet designs recirculate hot, humid air from above, in In-Ceiling Mount air inlet efficiently draws cooler tempered air from the floor area.
LOOP DESIGN
When TD Banknorth Garden replaced the former Boston Garden building in 1995, a heating loop was installed to supply conventional cabinet heaters, which were later cancelled because of the high equipment and operational costs combined with the inefficiency of that technology in that application. At a huge cost savings to the terminal retrofit, the Cosentini design team tapped off of that existing heating loop to supply the air curtains. An existing Bryant boiler and twin 40-hp. pumps by Bell & Gossett, Morton Grove, Ill., supplies the loop. Cosentini also provided a performance study on the loop’s capacity prior to construction.The previous doorways were significant energy losers, according to Fleishman’s preconstruction energy observations. Conversely, keeping heat in and cold winter weather out with air curtains in the new terminal area is saving the building owner a significant amount of energy. Matt Freitas, sales engineer at manufacturer’s representative, Equipment Direct Sales, Randolph, Mass., provided sizing, energy-saving estimations, and design assistance for Cosentini on the air door portion of the project.
To heat-cool the entire new space, the design team specified a 14,900-cfm McQuay International makeup air handler installed by Walsh Mechanical, Abington, Mass., in the TD Banknorth Garden mechanical room, which already had an outdoor air shaft for access. The HVAC system installation’s most difficult challenge was running the 200-foot-long supply duct through a congested mechanical room and down an aisle of ice rink compressors that needed service accessibility clearance.
Exposed metal ductwork with registers distributes heating or cooling down the center of the new waiting area. The air handler is sized and designed to heat/cool the space to a design temperature of 72°F with a 200-person capacity occupancy. The air curtains’ heating function supplements the indoor air comfort.
Part of the project’s engineering work also included Cosentini’s review and rebalancing of several existing supply pressurization fans controlled by carbon monoxide (CO) sensors. The fans needed calibration and rebalancing to keep the train shed’s emergency ventilation system updated to ensure that they activate and provide a positive pressure when excessive CO is detected.
While the train shed’s emergency ventilation system is designed with positive pressure, the new receiving area has also been designed with positive pressure. This pressurization is an engineering challenge, according to Fleishman, because there are no doors or barriers separating the new area from the rest of the TD Banknorth building.
Because of aesthetic advancements in air curtain design and the Cosentini design team’s attention to energy savings, the new mass transit rail station at the TD Banknorth Garden is a functional, aesthetic facility that provides commuters with indoor air comfort as well as energy savings for its owners.
Publication date:05/12/2008
