Modern refrigerant systems are designed to be efficient and leak free. Refrigerant systems are pressurized and, in reality, it is widely accepted that no pressurized system is entirely leak free; it is simply a case of how much and where the system is leaking.

Regulations, market drivers, and trends reflect that carbon dioxide (CO₂) is increasingly being used as a refrigerant in a variety of applications. This includes applications such as: supermarkets/grocery stores, cold rooms, walk-in freezers, industrial cold storage, and food manufacturing/processing.